ICANN accepts applications for .XXX adult entertainment industry domains

[caption id="attachment_269" align="alignnone" width="650" caption="Picketers supporting the adult entertainment industry in San Francisco to oppose a plan to create a separate Internet address for pornographic websites. Picture: Supplied."][/caption]

THE world wide web is about to get a red-light district. After more than a decade of debate, rejections and legal challenges, the internet's governing body today began accepting applications for .xxx websites from the adult entertainment industry.

The so-called "landrush" phase signifies the true launch of .xxx websites, which are designed to provide more transparency around internet pornography.

But while its sponsor describes the new adult addresses as responsible "signposts" for pornographic material that let web surfers make informed decisions, experts have slammed the scheme as a money-grab that has been "grossly oversold" as a way to block porn and protect children.

Company ICM Registry first proposed the .xxx domain in 2000, as well as .kids website addresses, though the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) rejected both ideas.

ICM had its .xxx application reviewed, however, and in 2004 changed the proposal to a sponsored top-level domain overseen by a dedicated organisation. After a string of rejections and unprecedented public comment, the scheme was approved on March 31 this year.

ICM Registry began accepting .xxx applications from trademarked companies - those looking to use a .xxx address and those seeking to prevent their company from appearing on a .xxx website - on September 7.

More than 80,000 applications swamped the company during the 53-day window, a result that chief executive Stuart Lawley says is unprecedented.

"There is always a risk with a new top-level domain that you may build it and nobody will come," he says.

"The .xxx sunrise period results far exceed those of any other new (sponsored top-level) domains, including .mobi, .asia and even that of .co that relaunched last year."

Adult entertainment producers without trademarks can apply for .xxx website names for the next 17 days, with their general availability following on December 6.

But University of Canberra information law lecturer Bruce Arnold says while the idea behind the new domain name has merit, the scheme will not see all adult material moved into a makeshift web ghetto as censorship advocates want.

Moving adult material to a .xxx website is voluntary, he says, and international bodies could never agree on what material should be classified as "adult" or "offensive".

"It's not going to work because we don't all agree on what is porn, and that's a huge issue," Mr Arnold says.

"People disagree passionately about what is sensitive material and what's not.

"In Australia if you watch television at 8pm you'll see people who aren't wearing much clothing or perhaps any clothing.

"Some people in the US would say that any same-sex activity is profoundly obscene. These issues are impossible to resolve."

Arnold says the .xxx scheme will also fail to work as a technical solution to a human behavioural problem. Parents, guardians and search engines will not simply be able to filter out .xxx websites, and some porn producers will continue to host material on .com sites or in other countries.

"The idea that we can come up with a quick fix to this problem is fundamentally flawed," he says. "If we're concerned about protecting children from offensive content online, sometimes it is simply a matter of parking the family PC in the lounge when they're young and teaching them."

But other stakeholders disagree. Spokesman for civil liberties group Electronic Frontiers Australia, Stephen Collins, says the organisation supports the introduction of .xxx websites because "having it available is going to make website content clear".

Family First leader Dennis Hood goes further, proposing that all pornographic material should be moved to a .xxx website.

"Any porn site then operating outside of the .xxx domain would be outside of the law and liable to be dealt with by the government of the day," he says.

Asteroid 2005 YU55 closes in on Earth fly-by

[caption id="attachment_265" align="alignnone" width="650" caption="Despite coming closer than the moon, the asteroid poses no threat to the Earth. Picture: Courtesy of NASA"][/caption]

A BIG asteroid is set to make its closest flyby of Earth in 200 years, but there is no chance of a crash landing when it zips by our planet, NASA says.

Astronomers have aimed their telescopes to catch a glimpse of the 2005 YU55 asteroid, which will not be visible to the naked eye, when it makes its closest approach to Earth at 10.28am (AEDT) today.

The 400-metre-wide asteroid often travels in the vicinity of the Earth, Mars and Venus, but "the 2011 encounter with Earth is the closest it has come for at least the last 200 years", the US space agency said.

Other asteroids of this size pass by Earth more frequently, though the last such event happened in 1976 and the next will not happen again until 2028 when as asteroid called 2001 WN5 will skim about halfway between the Moon and Earth.

This asteroid is expected to pass a bit further away; about 0.85 times the distance of the Moon to the Earth, or a distance of 325,000 kilometres.

"2005 YU55 is one of the potentially hazardous asteroids that make close approaches from time to time because their orbits either approach or intersect the orbit of the Earth," said Robert McMillan, an associate research scientist at the University of Arizona.

McMillan discovered the asteroid in 2005 as part of the university's Spacewatch Project, a solar-system-scanning group of scientists near Tucson, Arizona.

However, astronomers know from analysing the trajectory of the asteroid that it will not hit Earth this time.

The asteroid's next closest pass is set to take place in 2094, at a distance of 269,000 kilometres, according to forecasts.

"The observations will give us a piece of the puzzle, one we don't get many chances to see," said Don Yeomans of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

"At one time, we thought these were the asteroids that delivered carbon and other elements to the early Earth, so they are pretty important."

NASA said radar observations from the Arecibo Planetary Radar Facility in Puerto Rico have already begun as the asteroid closes in on its approach.

While the charcoal-coloured, circular asteroid's visit has scientists excited for the chance to get a closer look, most Earthlings probably will not notice a thing.

"The gravitational influence of the asteroid will have no detectable effect on Earth, including tides and tectonic plates," NASA said.